In a UK based study, researchers have found that for smokers and people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is an increased risk of severe complications and higher mortality with COVID-19 infection.
The study was published in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Jaber Alqaht of University College London, UK, and colleagues.
COPD is a common, persistent dysfunction of the lung associated with a limitation in airflow.
An estimated 251 million people worldwide are affected by COPD. Given the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on respiratory function, the authors of the present study sought to understand the prevalence and the effects of COPD in COVID-19 patients.
In the new study, researchers systematically searched databases of scientific literature to find existing publications on the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and features of COVID-19 and the prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 patients.
123 potentially relevant papers were narrowed to 15 that met all quality and inclusion guidelines. The included studies had a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. 58 (2.3 per cent) of those patients also had COPD while 221 (9 per cent) were smokers.
Critically ill COVID-19 patients with COPD had a 63 per cent risk of severe disease and a 60 per cent risk of mortality while critically ill patients without COPD had only a 33.4 per cent risk of severe disease (RR 1.88, 95 per cent CI 1.4-2.4) and 55 per cent risk of mortality (RR 1.1, 95 per cent CI 0.6-1.8).
In addition, current smokers were 1.45 times more likely to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers (95 per cent CI 1.03-2.04).
The study was not able to examine whether there was an association between the frequency of COPD exacerbations, or severity of COPD, with COVID-19 outcomes or complications.
The results are limited by the fact that few studies were available to review, as well as the diverse locations, settings, and designs of the included studies.
The authors add: "Despite the low prevalence of COPD and smoking in COVID-19 cases, COPD and current smokers were associated with greater COVID-19 severity and mortality."
( With inputs from ANI )