Uc san diego school of medicine and moores cancer center, Health center in San Diego, California

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine discovered that a molecule called Girdin, or GIV, acts as a brake on macrophages.When the team deleted the GIV gene from mouse macrophages, the immune cells rapidly overacted to even small amounts of live bacteria or a bacterial toxin. Mice with colitis and sepsis fared worse when lacking the GIV gene in their macrophages.The researchers also created peptides that mimic GIV, allowing them to shut down mouse macrophages on command. When treated with the GIV-mimic peptide, the mice's inflammatory response was tempered."When a patient dies of sepsis, he or she does not die due to the invading bacteria themselves, but from an overreaction of their immune system to the bacteria," said senior author Pradipta Ghosh, MD, professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center."It's similar to what we're seeing now with dangerous 'cytokine storms' that can result from infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, and the cytokines they produce, are the body's own immune-stimulating agents and when produced in excessive amounts, they do more harm than good," added Ghosh.Digging deeper into the mechsm at play, Ghosh and team discovered that the GIV protein normally cozies up to a molecule called Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 is stuck right through the cell membrane, with bits poking inside and outside the cell. Outside of the cell, TLR4 is like an antenna, searching for signs of invading pathogens.Inside the cell, GIV is nestled between the receptor's two "feet." When in place, GIV keeps the feet apart, and nothing happens. When GIV is removed, the TLR4 feet touch and kick off a cascade of immune-stimulating signals.Ghosh's GIV-mimicking peptides can take the place of the protein when it's missing, keeping the feet apart and calming macrophages down."We were surprised at just how fluid the immune system is when it encounters a pathogen," said Ghosh, who is also director of the Institute for Network Medicine and executive director of the HUMANOID Center of Research Excellence at UC San Diego School of Medicine."Macrophages don't need to waste time and energy producing more or less GIV protein, they can rapidly dial their response up or down simply by moving it around, and it appears that such regulation happens at the level of gene transcription," added Ghosh.Ghosh and team plan to investigate the factors that determine how the GIV brake remains in place when macrophages are resting or is removed to mount a response to a credible threat. To enable these studies, the Institute for Network Medicine at UC San Diego School of Medicine recently received a new USD 5 million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health.Ghosh shares this award with her colleagues Debashis Sahoo, PhD, assistant professor at UC San Diego School of Medicine and Jacobs School of Engineering, and Soumita Das, PhD, associate professor of pathology at UC San Diego School of Medicine.( With inputs from ANI )Disclaimer: This post has been auto-published from an agency feed without any modifications to the text and has not been reviewed by an editor

Uc San Diego School Of Medicine And Moores Cancer CenterFOLLOW

Uc san diego school of medicine and moores cancer center, Latest News

New York, Aug 10 A team of US physic has presented the first known case of a young, ... ...

TikTok star Anthony Barajas has died after being shot at a California movie theater. Anthony Barajas, 19, was watching ... ...

Gene expression patterns associated with pandemic viral infections provide a map to help define patients' immune responses, measure disease severity, predict outcomes and test therapies, for current and future pandemics. ...

Touted by makers as a "healthy" alternative to traditional nicotine cigarettes, new research indicates the chemicals found in e-cigarettes disrupt the gut barrier and trigger inflammation in the body, potentially leading to a variety of health concer ...

The name Nostradamus is very synonymous with predicting the future. Nostradamus published a book in 1555 containing 942 quatrains ... ...

The removal of a protein molecule called Girdin, or GIV, hampers the mechanism of macrophages, which is responsible for the destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms, according to the researchers at the University of California San Diego Sc ...

Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine discovered that a molecule called Girdin, or GIV, acts as a brake on macrophages. ...